Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Equation to determine percentage of cytotoxicity produced by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles. Abbreviation: Abs, absorbance at 340 nm.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Produced

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles using X-ray diffractograms ( A ) and transmission electron microscopy ( B ). Note: reproduced with permission from Dove Medical Press. Al-Qubaisi Ms, Rasedee A, Flaifel MH, et al. Cytotoxicity of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles on cancer cells of epithelial origin. Int J Nanomedicine . 2013;8:2497–2508.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of NiZn ferrite colloidal nanoparticles in ethanol.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Particle size ( A ) and surface charge ( B ) characterization of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trypan blue exclusion assay for cell viability of ( A ) HT29, ( B ) HepG2, ( C ) MCF-7, and ( D ) MCF 10A cancer cells after 12 and 36 hours (hrs) of treatment with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 wells/treatment). * P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Trypan Blue Exclusion Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Variations in the demotion of Bcl-2 protein in ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cells after treatment with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml) for 12 and 36 hours (hrs). The Bcl-2 protein levels are shown as the relative ratios for nanoparticle-treated cells to that of untreated cells. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 wells/treatment). * P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviation: Conc, concentation.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Variations in the elevation of Bax protein in ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cells after treatment with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml) for 12 and 36 hours (hrs). The Bax protein levels are shown as the relative ratios for nanoparticle-treated cells to that of untreated cells. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 wells/treatment). * P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviation: Conc, concentation.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Variations in the elevation of p53 protein in ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cells after treatment with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml) for 12 and 36 hours (hrs). The p53 protein levels are shown as the relative ratios for nanoparticle-treated cells to that of untreated cells. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 wells/treatment). * P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviation: Conc, concentation.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Variations in translocation of cytochrome C protein into the cytosol in ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cells after treatment with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml) for 12 and 36 hours (hrs). The amount of released cytochrome C is shown as the relative ratio for nanoparticle-treated cells to that of untreated cells. Mean ± SD (n = 3 wells/treatment). *P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviation: Conc, concentation.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Translocation Assay

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: NiZn ferrite nanoparticles induced loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured by flow cytometry using rhodamine 123 dye. Exposure of ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cells to NiZn ferrite nanoparticles (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml) for 12 and 36 hours (hrs) decreased the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 wells/treatment). * P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviations: Conc, concentation; Rh-123, rhodamine 123.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time course of glutathione (GSH) depletion caused by nanoparticle (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml) exposure in ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cells. The NiZn ferrite nanoaprticles-treated cells were lysed by sulfosalicylic acid and the samples were centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 5 minutes. Aliquot of 1 ml of the supernatants was added to 2 ml of Ellman’s reagent and the absorbance was recorded at 405 nm after 5 minutes. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 times per treatment). *P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviations: Conc, concentation; hrs, hours.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dose on malondialdehyde (MDA) production in ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cell lines. Cells were exposed for 12 and 36 hours (hrs) to the indicated concentrations of nanoparticles. After changing the medium, the cells were allowed to grow for 24 hours. Malondialdehyde was then assayed in the cell pellets by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 wells/treatment). * P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviation: Conc, concentation.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vitro in ( A ) HepG2, ( B ) MCF-7, ( C ) HT29, and ( D ) MCF 10A cells treated with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles. Relative fluorescence intensity of sample versus control was calculated. Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 wells/treatment). * P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells. Abbreviations: Conc, concentation; hrs, hours.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: In Vitro, Fluorescence, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by NiZn ferrite nanoparticles through mitochondrial cytochrome C release

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S50061

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of the response of cancer cells to the exposure to NiZn ferrite nanoparticles. Notes: As shown, treatment of cancer cells with NiZn ferrite nanoparticles increased both lipid peroxidation production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with the decrease of glutathione (GSH) and downregulation of Bcl-2 which in turn increased oxidative stress in the mitochondria. The oxidative stress in the mitochondrial membrane leads to the release of cytochrome C into the cytoplasm. Moreover, the oxidative stress in the cells induced cell membrane damage which increased outflow of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to extracellular space. The increase in p53 and Bax together with the previous biochemical events eventually results in lowering of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (by increasing the mitochondrial membrane permeability). All of these biological processes facilitate the translocation of cytochrome C from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the cytoplasm. The released cytochrome C will complex with Apf-1 and caspase-9 to form an apoptosome. Apoptosomes then activate caspase-3 and then subsequently activates other caspases in the cytoplasm, which triggers cell death and DNA fragmentation of cancer cells.

Article Snippet: The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of an NiZn ferrite nanoparticle dispersion (1 μg of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in 1 mL of ultradeionized water) were characterized using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd Malvern, UK) with dynamic light scattering.

Techniques: Membrane, Permeability, Translocation Assay